Physics Calculators

Find the speed of sound in air, helium, hydrogen and other gases at any temperature. Free sonic velocity calculator with unit conversion built in.

Calculate orbital period using Kepler's Third Law. Free calculator for satellite, moon, and planet orbit times from radius and central body mass.

Estimate a planet's equilibrium surface temperature with the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Enter the star's luminosity, the planet's albedo, and the orbital distance to get the airless baseline temperature used in exoplanet and climate work.

Coulomb’s law Calculator can be used to calculate the force of attraction or repulsion between two stationary and electrically charged particles

Calculate gas pipe diameter and flow capacity for low and high pressure systems using NFPA 54 and IFGC formulas. Free online gas piping calculator.

Calculate average blade lift coefficient for helicopter rotors with BEMT theory. Enter thrust coefficient and rotor solidity to get the dimensionless result.

Calculate aerodynamic drag force using the standard drag equation. Free tool for aircraft designers and engineers to analyze drag forces with velocity, air density, and wing area inputs.

Calculate aerodynamic lift force using the modern lift equation. Free calculator for aircraft wing lift based on velocity, air density, wing area, and lift coefficient.

Calculate aircraft pitching moment from moment coefficient, dynamic pressure, wing area, and chord length. Free aerodynamics calculator with interactive charts.

Calculate aircraft cruise range with the Breguet Range Equation. Enter cruise speed, TSFC, lift-to-drag ratio, and weights to solve for range or any variable.

Calculate anti-lift percentage for vehicle rear suspension. Enter arm angle, lever arm length, and CG height to analyze suspension geometry performance.

Calculate suspension movement ratio, spring travel, wheel travel, and effective wheel rate. Essential tool for automotive suspension design and tuning with instant results.

Find the roll stiffness of a suspension axle from wheel rate, track width, and anti-roll bar stiffness. Useful for suspension tuning and balancing handling between the front and rear.

Work out your hydraulic ram pump's efficiency with the D'Aubuisson formula. Free online calculator for off-grid setups lifting water without electricity.

Calculate jet engine bypass ratio (BPR) from mass flow rates. Free online calculator for aerospace engineering with examples for fighter jets and commercial airliners.

Calculate rocket velocity change, exhaust velocity, or mass ratios using the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation. Free online tool for aerospace engineering and space mission planning.

Calculate jet engine thrust using the general thrust equation. Input mass flow rate, velocities, pressures, and nozzle area to determine net thrust force.

Find the tensile force (preload) on a bolt from its tensile stress and stress area using F = sigma * A. Enter any two values and solve for the third.

Calculate maximum daylight hours for any latitude and day of year. Free solar daylight hours calculator with declination angle and formula explained.

Calculate the solar tilt factor (rb) to convert horizontal radiation data into tilted-panel values. Free online calculator with formula and examples.

Calculate the pitching moment change from elevator deflection using the elevator power formula ΔC_M = C_M,δe · δe. Free online flight dynamics tool.

Physical pendulum calculator can be used to calculate the angular frequency, frequency, and periods of the physical pendulum

Work calculator can be used to calculate the work done using force and displacement

Power calculator can be used to calculate the average power given work done and the time taken

The Velocity calculator can be used to calculate the particle's velocity by inputting the required values for the formulas

Gravitational Force Calculator can be used to calculate the Gravitational Force between two objects

Free fall calculator can be used to calculate the free fall velocity, free fall initial velocity, free-fall time, and free-fall height depending upon the input values

Kinetic energy calculator can be used to calculate the kinetic energy of a particle by using the mass and speed of the particle

The Impulse calculator can be used to calculate the impulse by inputting mass, final velocity, and initial velocity

Pressure calculator can be used to calculate the pressure exerted for a force applied over a specific area

Potential Energy Calculator can be used to calculate the potential energy of the system

Momentum calculator can be used to calculate the momentum of the object given its mass and velocity

Density calculator can be used to calculate the material's density by inputting the object's mass and volume

Acceleration calculator can be used to calculate the acceleration of an object by using change in velocity or using the force applied

Calculate helicopter rotor disk loading, aircraft weight, or rotor diameter. Understand hover efficiency with instant conversions between metric and imperial units.

Calculate the rate of turn for any banked aircraft turn. Enter bank angle and airspeed to find heading change rate in degrees per second. Free online tool.

Calculate the airfoil thickness ratio from maximum thickness and chord length, or find any missing variable. Free tool for aircraft wing design and NACA airfoil analysis.

Calculate how long a jet aircraft can stay airborne using the Breguet endurance equation. Enter TSFC, lift-to-drag ratio, and aircraft weight data for instant results.

Calculate aircraft power required at any altitude. Accounts for air density, velocity, wing area, and drag coefficient using the aerodynamic power equation.

Calculate wing loading, aircraft weight, or wing area instantly. Compare your result against reference aircraft with interactive charts and unit conversions.

Calculate anti-dive percentage for vehicle suspension geometry. Enter link angle, braking distance, and CG height. Free tool for automotive engineers.

Calculate anti-squat percentage from suspension link angle, lever arm, and CG height. Optimize your vehicle's rear suspension geometry for better traction.

Calculate the bump force on a car's suspension using spring rate, displacement, and damping coefficient. Understand suspension dynamics with our free tool.

Calculate wheel torque from engine output, gear ratios, and driveline efficiency. Visualize torque multiplication through your drivetrain. Try it free.

Work out the lateral acceleration and g-force a car pulls through a corner from speed and turn radius. Solve for any of the three values, in m/s² or g.

Work out mechanical trail from tire radius and caster angle. See how steering geometry sets self-centering force and high-speed stability in your car.

Calculate motorcycle and bicycle wheel flop from trail, caster angle, and steering input. See exactly how much your front end drops when you turn the bars.

Work out the wheel rate of a suspension from spring rate and motion ratio. Useful for setup work, tuning, and design - converts between metric and imperial automatically.

Solve for torque, lever arm, force, or angle. Enter any three and the fourth fills in. Switches between N·m and lb-ft on every field. Free and fast.

Calculate the buoyant force on a submerged or floating object using Archimedes' principle. Enter fluid density, displaced volume, and gravity to get the upward push in newtons.

Calculate drag coefficient, drag force, velocity, and more with our free fluid dynamics calculator. Includes real-world examples for cars, aircraft, and sports.

Calculate drag force on objects moving through air or water from velocity, frontal area, drag coefficient, and fluid density. Solve for any variable in SI or US units.

Calculate lift force from fluid density, velocity, reference area, and lift coefficient. Solves the standard lift equation for any of its variables, for aerodynamic or hydrodynamic problems.

Calculate specific weight (unit weight) from weight and volume or from density and gravity. Free tool with N/m³, kN/m³, and lb/ft³ units. Perfect for fluid mechanics and engineering.

Calculate the Strouhal number from vortex shedding frequency, characteristic length, and flow velocity. Solve for any of the four variables.

Calculate disc brake braking torque from friction coefficient, hydraulic pressure, piston area, and rotor radius. Free physics calculator with KaTeX formulas.

Calculate the kinetic energy your vehicle brakes must absorb during deceleration. Free physics calculator using mass and initial/final velocity.

Find spring rate, force, or displacement with Hooke's Law. Free spring constant calculator with metric and imperial units.

Calculate the static thrust load capacity of bearings, pins, and fasteners using yield strength and contact area. Free engineering calculator with material reference.

Calculate jet aircraft range with the Breguet equation. Input airspeed, TSFC, L/D ratio, and weight ratio to estimate cruise range in km or nautical miles.

Calculate the lift coefficient (C_L) for solar chimney turbines and aero-solar systems using lift force, air density, wind speed, and blade area.

Calculate yawing moment coefficient from sideslip angle and stability derivative. Free directional static stability calculator for aircraft weathercock stability.

Calculate rolling moment coefficient from sideslip angle and dihedral effect. Free lateral static stability calculator for aircraft wing-leveling analysis.

Work out aircraft pitch stability from the longitudinal static stability equation. Solve for pitching moment, CG position, or required horizontal tail area.

Find the neutral point and static margin of an aircraft from tail volume, efficiency, lift-slope ratio, and downwash gradient. Free aerodynamics calculator.

Calculate axial stress (σ = P/A) and axial deformation (δ = PL/AE) on a structural member under tension or compression. Free online Strength of Materials calculator.

Solve the flexure formula σ = My/I for bending stress, moment, distance, or inertia. Includes a rectangular beam shortcut and stress distribution charts.

Calculate period, frequency, and angular frequency of a simple pendulum. Free physics calculator with step-by-step formula and unit conversions.

Schwarzschild Radius calculator can be used to calculate the critical radius beyond which nothing can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole

e = mc^2 calculator can be used to calculate the energy released from the mass

Calculate the Fill Factor of a solar cell from V_oc, I_sc, V_mp, and I_mp. Free online tool with I-V curve visualization and quality rating.

Snell’s Law Calculator can be used to calculate the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, or the refractive indices of the media

Boyle’s Law calculator can be used to calculate the initial pressure or volume and the final pressure or volume of the gas

Efficiency calculator can be used to calculate the efficiency of a system or process

Ideal gas law calculator can be used to calculate the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of the gas

Charles’ Law calculator can be used to calculate a gas's initial temperature or volume or the gas's final temperature or volume

Solve the Arrhenius equation for activation energy, rate coefficient, frequency factor, or temperature. Enter any three values and the fourth gets computed.

Calculate air-fuel ratio (AFR) for any combustion engine. Enter two of AFR, air mass, or fuel mass to get the third. Stoichiometric values built in.

Calculate the boiling point of water at any altitude and the atmospheric pressure at that elevation. Built for high-altitude cooking and field work.

Find the exit velocity of exhaust gas leaving a turbine nozzle from inlet temperature, pressures, specific heat, gamma, and nozzle efficiency.

Calculate specific thrust for gas turbine engines. Free online calculator for jet engine performance analysis. Understand thrust intensity and exhaust velocity relationships.

Calculate TSFC (Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption) for gas turbine engines. Free calculator for jet engine fuel efficiency analysis. Compare engine performance metrics.

Calculate gas turbine work output and power using mass flow rate, specific heat, and temperature change. Free online calculator for turboshaft, turbojet, and power generation turbines.

Calculate mass flow rate from density, area, and velocity. Free online tool for fluid mechanics, HVAC design, and engineering applications. Includes formulas and examples.

Calculate thermal resistance for conduction, convection, and radiation. Determine heat flow, material thickness, and insulation performance for engineering and HVAC applications.

Calculate mass flux from a flow rate and pipe area, or directly from fluid density and velocity. Works in metric and imperial units with two formula sets.

Calculate piston displacement for compressors and engines from bore, stroke, cylinders and speed. Free online piston displacement calculator with formula.

Calculate useful heat gain from solar thermal collectors with the Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation. Free calculator with charts and a worked example.

Frequency calculator can be used to calculate the frequency, wavelength, wave velocity and time period